Compact Single-Switch Reconfigurable Patch Antenna with Multi-Band Operation for Wireless Systems

Abstract

A compact frequency-reconfigurable patch antenna is proposed for multi-band wireless applications. The antenna is designed on a single-layer FR4 substrate (24 × 30 mm²) with a partial ground plane on the same side as the radiator. By using a single copper-strip switch, the structure achieves four measured resonances at 2.45, 3.8, 10.7, and 13 GHz while remaining simple and cost-effective. The measured results show excellent impedance matching, with reflection coefficients (S11) below −25 dB and standing wave ratio values less than 2 at all operating frequencies. Unlike conventional designs requiring multiple switches or biasing circuits, the proposed configuration reduces design complexity and overall antenna size. It also provides stable quasi-omnidirectional radiation patterns, ensuring consistent performance across different scenarios. With its compact footprint, frequency agility, and reliable radiation, this antenna is well suited for Sub-6 GHz 5G, radar, and biomedical communication systems. In addition, its adaptability makes it a promising candidate for emerging applications such as Internet of Things and wearable devices, where compactness and versatility are critical.