Valorization of Dredged Sediments from Cameron Highlands Reservoirs: Characterization and Pollution Risk Assessment for Sustainable Construction Materials Recovery

Abstract

Sustainable management of dredged sediments from hydroelectric reservoirs is critical for environmental protection and resource conservation, aligning with circular economy principles. This study addresses the knowledge gap hindering the beneficial reuse of sediments from Cameron Highlands, Malaysia, by conducting a comprehensive characterization to evaluate recycling feasibility and identify specific applications. Sediments from eight representative sites were rigorously analyzed (particle size, Atterberg limits, specific gravity, SEM-EDX, XRD, heavy metals via Igeo, CF, DC, and regulatory benchmarks). Results revealed two distinct groups: Sand-Dominant Sediments (78-85% sand, high quartz) suitable as fine aggregate or fill, and Silt-Dominant Sediments (12-49% silt, quartz/kaolinite) potentially viable for bricks or soil amendment. Critically, all sediments exhibited heavy metal concentrations below Malaysia's hazardous waste limits and showed low pollution indices, supporting safe reuse in many applications. Statistical analysis quantified property variability, essential for application-specific feasibility assessments. This work provides the foundational data and analysis needed to transform Cameron Highlands' dredged sediment from a landfill burden into a valuable resource, directly contributing to sustainable infrastructure development and environmental goals. Future work will focus on pilot-scale validation of proposed recycling pathways.